民初大理院判例制度创设论略

摘要

民国大理院通过创设和利用判例制度回应了社会变迁需求,推进了司法进程.大理院的判例制度不仅在一定程度上承袭了传统中国的判例制度,而且有意识地整合了欧陆法系判例所具有的阐释和填补制定法,以及英美法系判例法创设规范的功能,且在继承固有法制与继受外来法制、固守传统与全盘西化之间,表现出相当程度的协调古今中西的兼容性和创造性.大理院在现代法制不备的时代背景下,通过判例制度创制规范,发挥造法功能,较好地回应了法制转型过渡时期的社会需求.同时,大理院推事因其具有双重知识背景和较为独立的审判职能,缔造了较高的专业性权威,并在推动民初法制现代化的过程中,通过扮演破译者和转译者的双重角色,使大理院判例制度获得了高度正当性.%Dali Court has inherited the precedent system of traditional China and consciously integrated the precedent system of civil law countries'' function of explaining statute law and filling the law loopholes and the Anglo-American case law''s function of formulating new legal rules. Between sticking to the old legal system and drawing lessons from new legal system, and between sticking to tradition and westernization, the precedent system of Dali Court had strong compatibility and creativity. In early Republic of China without modern legal system, Dali Court has created new legal rules by the precedent system and responded well to the social needs in the transitional period of the legal system. Due to the dual knowledge backgrounds of the judges of Dali Court and their independent status, by acting as the interpreter and translator, Dali Court has created a great judicial authority and obtained legitimacy in the process of promoting the modernization of the legal system in the early Republic of China.