论行政诉讼中的'拖延履行法定职责'

摘要

The academic circles generally believe that delay in performing statutory duties refers to illegal administrative action in which the administrative agency exceeds the legal period or the reasonable period of time, and fails to perform the administrative duties. The judicial judgment applied is primarily about performing duties.However, the empirical analysis of administrative litigation cases in recent years shows that judges also identify actions of performing duties exceeding the legal or reasonable period as delay in performance. Sometimes, judges confuse the delay in performance with the non-performance of the statutory duties. These problems arise from the unclear definition of delay in performance, which leads to contradicted legislation, and inconsistent administrative adjudication. With this background, the essence of delay in performance needs to be clarified urgently. Delay in performance is not administrative omission, but an administrative action violating the procedure, and accurately a minor violation of the procedure. To determine whether the action is delay in performance, the judge just needs to examine whether the illegal administrative action exceeds the legal or reasonable period, if there aren't any other illegal matters.%学界一般认为, 拖延履行法定职责是指行政主体超过法定期限或者合理期限仍不履行行政职责的违法行政行为, 对其适用的判决方式多为履行判决.但是, 对近年来有关行政诉讼案例的实证分析表明, 法官将于行政主体超过法定期限或者合理期限履行行政职责的行为也认定为拖延履行行为, 并且容易将拖延履行与不履行法定职责混同, 此外, 此类行为还易被程序违法审查标准吸收.之所以会出现这些问题, 源于对拖延履行涵义的界定不明, 从而导致立法对拖延履行的规定前后矛盾, 行政审判对此也未形成统一认定标准.在此背景下, 拖延履行的本质属性亟待澄清.拖延履行不是行政不作为行为, 而是程序违法的行政作为行为, 且属于程序轻微违法情形.若不存在其他违法事项, 法官只需审查违法行政行为是否超过法定期限或者合理期限, 即可认定该行为是否构成拖延履行法定职责.