审视国际法上的私人诉权

摘要

Private rights of action is the result of the development of the international lawsuit system.TPP and TTIP new regional trade agreements take ISDS as important dispute settlement mechanism.The important measure shows that private rights of action is expanding,leading to a deeper problem.So how to limit the abuse of Private rights of action and safeguard state sovereignty? Combining the international and regional private litigation judicial practice,considering the operation of Private rights of action in the present seriously,defining the concept of private litigation and exploring its theoretical basis,We conclude that Private rights of action must be respected,which is the inner need of protecting human rights and multiple governance.Balancing personal interests,national interests and common interests of international communities should design terms and procedures to limit the abuse of Private rights of action.Making Private rights of action becomes important method to execute the international treaty on the premise of no threat to national sovereignty.%私人诉权是国际诉讼制度发展的结果,而TPP和TTIP等新型区域贸易协定将ISDS作为重要的争端解决机制,这一重大举措显示私人诉权明显扩张,引发了更深层次的问题,即如何限制私人诉权的滥用,维护国家主权.对此,结合国际和区域私人诉权司法实践,从认真考量私人诉权在当下的运行现状,界定私人诉权的概念和挖掘其存在的理论依据可知,私人诉权必须得到尊重和规范保护,这是彰显和践行保障人权和多元治理的内在需要.基于个人利益、国家利益和国际社会利益的平衡,应设计限制私人诉权滥用的条款和程序,使私人诉权在不威胁国家主权的前提下成为重要的执行国际条约的形式.