Objective To perform theory construction and empirical study of the competency model of rural general practitioners. Methods Through literature study, job analysis, interviews, and expert team discussion, the questionnaire of rural general practitioners competency was constructed. A total of 1458 rural general practitioners were surveyed by the questionnaire in 6 central provinces. The common factors were constructed using the principal component method of exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The influence of the competency characteristics on the working performance was analyzed using regression equation analysis. Results The Cronbach 's alpha coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.974. The model consisted of 9 dimensions and 59 items. The 9 competency dimensions included basic public health service ability, basic clinical skills, system analysis capability, information management capability, communication and cooperation ability, occupational moral ability, non- medical professional knowledge, personal traits and psychological adaptability. The rate of explained cumulative total variance was 76.855%. The model fitting index were X2/df 1.88, GFI=0.94, NFI=0.96, NNFI=0.98, PNFI=0.91, RMSEA=0.068, CFI=0.97, IFI=0.97, RFI=0.96, suggesting good model fitting. Regression analysis showed that the competency characteristics had a significant effect on job performance. Conclusion The rural general practitioners competency model provides reference for rural doctor training, rural order directional cultivation of medical students, and competency performance management of the rural general practitioners.%目的：理论建构和实证研究农村全科医生胜任力素质模型。方法通过文献研究、岗位分析、访谈和专家小组讨论，编制农村全科医生胜任力素质问卷，对中部六省1400名农村全科医生进行问卷调查。采用主成分法进行探索性因素分析提取公因素，并进行结构方程模型验证。采用回归方程分析胜任力特质对工作绩效的影响。结果问卷的Cronbach'sα系数为0.975，农村全科医生胜任力模型包含9项胜任特征，分别为基本公共卫生服务能力、临床基本能力、系统分析能力、信息管理能力、沟通与合作能力、职业道德能力、非医学专业知识、个人特质、心理适应性，对总方差的累积解释率为76.855%。模型拟合指数分别为：x2/df为1.88，GFI=0.94，NFI=0.96，NNFI=0.98，PNFI=0.91，RMSEA=0.068，CFI=0.97，IFI=0.97，RFI=0.96，模型拟合较理想。回归分析表明，胜任力素质特征对工作绩效有显著影响。结论构建的农村全科医生胜任力模型可以为乡村医生转岗培训、农村订单定向医学生培养、农村全科医生绩效管理等提供参考依据。
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