Using Early Chinese Language and Communication Development Scale ( Mandarin Version ), assessment of vocabulary capacity was done in 326 toddlers aged 14-16 months ( T1 ) and 24-26 ( T2 ) months in urban Nanjing. It was found that toddlers at T1 acquired more verbs than nouns and more onomatopoeia than other types of vocabulary, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives/adverb, conventional game words, numeral words, quantifiers, interrogatives, pronouns, directional words and time words. There was a gender difference of vocabulary comprehension of 5 categories of words and of vocabulary production of 4 categories of words at T1 , as well as vocabulary production of 12 categories of words at T2. The 15 month was a critical period of toddlers' production in nouns, verbs, adjectives/adverb, conventional game words and onomatopoeia. A critical period of toddlers' production in numeral words, quantifiers, directional words, pronouns, interrogatives, and time words was possibly located in the period from the 17th-23th month.%以南京市326名学步期儿童为研究对象,使用普通话版中文早期语言与沟通发展量表,分别在儿童14~16个月(T1)和24~26个月(T2)时两次评估儿童的词汇能力.研究发现,在T1时,儿童象声词表达能力显著高于其他词汇,动词表达能力高于名词,儿童词汇理解能力的性别差异表现于5类词汇,词汇表达能力的性别差异表现于4类词汇;在T2时,儿童词汇表达能力的性别差异表现于12类词汇.第15个月是儿童表达名词、动词、形容词/副词、游戏/常规词和象声词能力发展的关键期;数词、量词、方向词、代词、疑问词、时间词表达能力发展的关键期可能在第17~23个月间.
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