家庭农场是助推中国农业走出"小农困境"的关键,是我国未来农业生产经营的主要形式.它既保留了传统农户家庭经营的合理内核,又继承了家庭承包经营产权激励的优点,是适应我国基本国情,符合我国农业生产特点,契合我国当前社会经济发展阶段,引领我国农业现代化发展的有生力量.然而,由于受到城乡比较利益的驱动,人力、智力和资本等生产要素源源不断地大量流向城市.掌握一技之长的农民、青壮年劳动力、从农村走出来的大学生等都倾向于留在城市工作,使得留守农村的大都是老年人、妇女和儿童,且文化素质和专业技能较低,人才紧缺已经成为限制家庭农场发展的重要瓶颈.针对城乡人才配置结构性失衡问题,通过鼓励农村大学生返乡创建家庭农场,投身现代农业建设,不仅能够有效解决发展家庭农场对高素质人才的渴求,而且还有利于缓解农村大学生的就业压力,实现农村智力输出与智力回流合理平衡,推动城乡一体化进程,助力乡村振兴战略.与此同时,政府部门也意识到高素质人才返乡投资创建家庭农场的重要性,制定了诸多扶持政策,以促进大中专毕业生投资创建家庭农场, 但是目前鼓励大学生返乡创建家庭农场的政策存在着体系不健全、概念不明确、执行不到位等一系列问题,阻碍了大学生的积极性.在分析农村大学生返乡创建家庭农场的必要性和政策支持的基础上, 运用Logistic模型对影响农村大学生返乡创建家庭农场的因素进行实证分析.研究发现,农村大学生返乡创建家庭农场的意愿与对农业的兴趣程度、农田基础设施状况、对经营农业所面临的市场风险的评价、家庭农业收入占总收入的比重这四项指标显著相关,与农村大学生家乡所在省市的区位、城镇化率、学历状态、学校类别、对"家庭农场"这一概念是否熟悉等指标不相关.最后,根据实证研究结论,从政策宣传、基础设施建设、融资渠道和农业保险等方面提出针对性的对策与建议,以鼓励更多的农村大学生返乡创建家庭农场,促进农业现代化和新型城镇化的发展.%Family farm is the key to help China's agriculture come out of the "small farmer's dilemma"and the main form of agricultural production and operation in the future of China, which not only retains the rational kernel of traditional farmer households management, but also inherits the advantages of incentives of household contracted management property rights. The family farm is a living force that adapts to China's basic national conditions, accords to the characteristics of China's agricultural production, fits with China's current economic and social development stage, and leads China's agricultural modernization development. However, driven by the comparative advantages of urban and rural areas, resources such as human resources, intelligence, and capital are constantly flowing into the cities. Skilled peasants, young and middle-aged laborers, and college students emerging from rural areas all tend to work in cities and thus, the majority of left-behind peasants are the elderly, women, and children with low cultural quality and professional skills. Therefore, the shortage of talent has become an important bottleneck restricting the development of family farms. To solve the problem of structural imbalances in the distribution of talents in both urban and rural areas, the encouragement of the rural college students returning to their hometowns to set up family farms and devoting themselves to modern agriculture can not only effectively solve the thirst for high-quality talents for the development of family farms, but also help alleviate the employment pressure of rural college students, realize a reasonable balance between rural intellectual output and intellectual reflow, promote the integration of urban and rural areas and help realize the rural revitalization. At the same time, government departments are also aware of the importance of high-quality talents returning home to invest in the establishment of family farms and issue many supportive policies to promote the investment of college graduates in starting family farm. However, the current policy of encouraging college students to return to their hometowns to set up family farms has a series of problems such as a unsound system, unclear concepts, and inadequate implementation, which hinders the enthusiasm of college students. Therefore, based on the analysis of the necessity and policy support of rural college students to return home to set up a family farm, this article uses the logistic model to empirically analyze the factors influencing rural college students to return home to set up a family farm. The study finds that the rural college students' willingness on returning to home to set up family farms has significant correlation with the four indicators, i.e. the level of interest in agriculture, the status of farmland infrastructure, the assessment of the market risks faced by operating agriculture, and the proportion of family farming income to total income. However, the willingness is not relevant to the indicators such as location, urbanization rate, educational status, school category, and familiarity with the concept of "family farm". Finally, according to the empirical research conclusions, corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are proposed from the aspects of policy publicity, infrastructure construction, financing channels, and agricultural insurance to encourage and attract more rural college students to return home to set up family farms and promote agricultural modernization and new urbanization development.
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