由＂议礼派＂思想看明中叶儒学经世思潮的复兴

摘要

The mid-Ming Dynasty is an important period of transformation, characterized by the decline of the Neo-Confucianism and the rise of all kinds of thought. Pragmatism of Confucianism was revalued, and became a trend. The ＂rites＂ officials in the Jiaqing reign were the representatives of the trend. They paid attention to the com- bination of thought and action, and took restoration as an effective way in academics and politics. Meanwhile, they attacked ＂extinguishing the human desire＂ morality, and advocated equal importance to profits and justice. The pragmatism ideology in the late Ming Dynasty was a weapon not only to attack Neo-Confucianism but classic thoughts. And it brought a trend pragmatism for a whole society and extended to the early Qing Dynasty.%明中叶是重要的历史转型期,在思想上主要体现为程朱理学的衰落及各种思潮的产生。在此背景下,儒家＂经世致用＂的思想传统重新受到重视,并在部分士人的推动下形成一时潮流。嘉靖初年活跃于政坛的＂议礼派＂官员,正是这一思想的重要代表。他们提倡＂黜虚崇实＂与＂体用结合＂,重视思想上的诚敬与行动上的笃行相结合,并以复古作为其学术上务实、政治上革新的有效途径,同时抨击宋明理学＂灭人欲＂的道德观,主张义利并重,这些内容都与明中后期经世思想的主体相吻合,从而具有一定的代表性。晚明的经世思潮不仅是批判理学和王学的思想武器,更引发了整个社会重视实学实用的经世风潮,一直延续到明清之际。