类比与外显学习认知模式对乒乓球技术掌握绩效干预研究

摘要

选取36名研究被试,随机分为类比学习、外显学习、类比-外显协同学习3种认知模式组别,以击球落点准确性、动作技评及动作技术相关知识知晓量为学习绩效评价指标,对3组学习认知模式掌握乒乓球正手弧圈球技术绩效进行实验研究.结果:协同组被试定点球与非定点球测试的击球落点准确性、动作技评绩效均好于单一类比学习组和外显学习组;3组被试在正手技术动作知识量知晓绩效对比显示,协同组>外显组>类比组.结论:协同学习模式更有利于弧圈球运动技能掌握,教练员或教师应根据不同认知模式表征对学习者施以不同的认知模式,使学习者技能掌握绩效最大化.%36 subjects were randomly divided into three cognitive models:analogy learning,explicit learning and analogy-explicit synergistic learning.The accuracy of hitting points,the evaluation of action technique and the knowledge of action technology are the evaluation indexes of the learning performance.An experiment on the grasping performance of table ten-nis forehand loop technology within the three cognitive learning models was carried out.The grasping performance of fore-hand technical movementsshowed that:synergistic learning group performed the best,followed by explicit learning group and analogy learning group.The general conclusion is that synergistic-learning model is more conducive to the mastery of loop drive skills.Coaches or teachers should give different cognitive patterns to learners according to their different cogni-tive models to maximize the performance of learners' skills.