以天人关系看孟子“仁政”的乌托邦

摘要

不同于孔子，“仁”在孟子学说中被降格。“仁”乃人心，由“心”推出“性”，由“性”乃事天，这是孟子的天人关系。孟子又以人性为出发点，认为“仁政”实乃“心政”。由于孟子对于天人关系次序的理解失当，即便是主张土地、税法等一系列的改革措施，加上与当时的现实相距太远，孟子的“仁政”也只能是他心中的乌托邦。%Different from Confucius＇, Benevolence in Mencius theories was degradation. Benevolence is a kind of mental constitution by which nature of man can be deduced. To nourish one＇s nature is the way to serve Heaven. Taking human nature as the reasoning starting point, Mencius asserted ＇benevolent governance＇, is ＇heart governance＇. Though Meneius claimed a series of reform measure such as land and tax policies, only that is utopia because his understanding to the relationship between man and nature is wrong, and because his republic contrast sharply with his reality.