中国道教戒律体系建设及其历史经验

摘要

戒律体系不仅是道教信仰者行为应该如何的规范之学，也是修行者初学入德之门必须修持的根本，是构成道教伦理的重要内容。中国道教戒律体系建设大致经历了萌生和初步创制、完善和持续发展、多样化和系统建设、趋于衰落和重振四个阶段；其特色体现为依例制戒性、预防与范导并重、效力的规范性、实施的教育性诸方面。道教戒律体系重在强调个人修持、人格完善以及建设和谐社会，表明道教是道德品性极为浓厚、内涵非常丰富的伦理型宗教。道教戒律体系建设内含体用合一、兼容并包、与时俱进、实事求是之历史经验，当为中国特色的道德规范体系建设提供有益的借鉴和启示。%The commandment system of Taoism is not only the study of the standardization for Taoism ethics and behavior ,but also the fundamental principle for any new taoist practioner to enter the ethic world and an important component of Taoism ethics .The construction of commandment system of Taoism came through four successive phases :initiation and initial creation ,improvement and sustainable development ,diversification and system construction ,decline and revival .It characterizes forbiddenness after the princi-ples ,prevention with guidance ,normative virtue ,the instructiveness of implementation and so on .Taoist commandment system con-tains the historical experience ,absorbs anything and everything ,keeps pace with the times and seeks truth from facts ,which should provide the beneficial enlightenment for the construction of moral standard system with Chinese characteristics .