近来兴起的协商民主理论引起了广泛争论，主要挑战来自于自由主义所倡导的代议制民主理论。协商民主与代议制民主理论之间的争论，归属于共和主义理念与自由主义理念之间的分歧，其根源在于对“民主条件”的不同认识，对自由价值的不同理解。通常情况下，自由主义所倡导的以选举为特征的代议制民主是一种间接民主，而共和主义所倡导的参与式民主制是一种直接民主，两者适用于不同的民主条件。选举与协商是实行民主的不同手段，两者相辅相成。网络技术快速发展和公民意识不断觉醒的时代已具备一定的条件，来实现一种比选举民主更为直接的参与民主。我们应理性对待选举与协商，设计出与现实民主条件相适应的更直接的民主形式，以推动我国社会主义民主政治的进步。%In recent years ,the rise of consultative democratic theory has led to many controversies at home and abroad .One of the main challenges came from the democratic theory of representative system advocated by liberalism .Debates between democratic the-ory of consultative democracy and that of representative system attribute to the differences in the ideas of republicanism and liberal-ism ,which stem from the different interpretations of ”democratic conditions” and the different understandings of the value of free-dom .On normal circumstances ,the representative democracy advocated by liberalism and characterized by election is a form of indi-rect democracy ,while the participative democracy advocated by republicanism is a form of direct democracy .These two different types of democracy apply to different democratic conditions .In fact ,election and consultation are two different means to implement democracy ,the two are complimentary to each other .With the current rapid development of network technology and awakening of citizenship consciousness ,modern society has had certain democratic conditions to achieve a more direct participative democracy than electoral democracy .People should rationally treat the election and consultation ,and work out a more direct form of democracy to adapt to the real democratic conditions ,so as to promote the advance of the socialist democratic politics of China .
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