基于 DEA－ESDA的江苏省城市效率测度及其空间格局研究

摘要

This paper firstly establishes the evaluation index system of urban efficiency, which includes five input elements of land, capital, labor, science -education and signal communication and two output elements of the urban economic gross and profit. It calculates the comprehensive efficiency, technical efficiency, scale efficiency and scale return of the cities in Jiangsu Province based on DEA. It makes the cluster of these cities from the traditional perspective of the southern, central and northern regions in Jiangsu Province and evaluates the urban scale profit to discuss whether the ratio of input -output achieves the optimality. Then it analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics and discusses the spatial convergence and heterogeneity law of urban efficiency about these cities based on ESDA. It calculates the Moran’ s I and uses the Moran scatter plot to describe the spatial autocorrelation of urban efficiency about these cities, which explains the spatial dependence and spillover effect among them. Finally, it makes the LISA cluster map of urban efficiency in Jiangsu Province to describe the spatial dependence and spillover effect among these cities. The results illustrate that urban efficiency in Jiangsu Province is generally not high. Only Changzhou, Suzhou and Yangzhou reach the effective level. The spatial structure of urban efficiency in Jiangsu Province is more advanced in southern regions than central and northern regions, which coincides with the spatial pattern of the economic development in Jiangsu Province at present. Most cities in Jiangsu Province are in a stage of increasing scale returns. Insufficient scale investment leads to low scale efficiency, which is the main reason to restrict urban efficiency. There is a strong spatial spillover effect of urban efficiency among cities in Jiangsu Province. Location is the main factor to cause the spatial difference of urban efficiency in Jiangsu Province.%选取土地、资本、劳动、科教和通信作为投入指标，城市经济总量和投入收益作为产出指标，构建评价指标体系，运用数据包络分析（ DEA）测度了2012年江苏省13个地级市的城市效率，并通过探索性空间数据分析（ ESDA）对其空间格局进行了研究。结果表明：江苏省城市效率普遍不高，只有常州、苏州和扬州达到有效水平；江苏省城市效率的空间差异显著，呈现苏南、苏中、苏北“阶梯型”递减的分布格局，与三大地区的经济发展格局相一致；江苏省大多数城市都处于规模收益递增阶段，城市规模投入不足导致的规模效率不高是制约城市效率的主要原因；江苏省城市效率具有很强的空间溢出效应；区位条件是形成江苏省城市效率空间差异的主要影响因素。