宋代理学的心性小大之辨

摘要

From the Confucianism of pre-Qin Days to the Neo-Confucianism of the Song Dynasty, ac- companied by all things being completed in oneself and exerting one's mind utmost moved towards ex- erting all things and enlarging one's mind, the question of the small or large between mind and nature aroused general concern. How can the mind, coming from the unity of nature and consciousness, es- cape from the fetters of what one sees and hears and carry forward fully the Dao and nature? All of the large mind and small nature or large nature and small mind are refused by the Neo-Confucians. The question of the small or large between mind and nature links not only mind-nature itself but also the great void and heavenly Dao, and demands the subjectivity of mind should fit in with the objectivity of nature. Among them the key point is to realize the unity of mind and nature based on enlarging mind and exerting nature fully as well as integrating Heaven with man.%从先秦儒学到宋代理学，由备物尽心而走向尽物大心，心性小大的问题受到关注。合性与知觉而来之心，如何能不受见闻的束缚而弘道尽性？心大性小、心小性大都不是理学家所要的选择。心性小大不局限于心性自身，也关联着太虚和天道，关键在心体的主观性切合于性体的客观性，根本的要求是大心尽性，沟通天人，实现心性的一致。