马克思主义批评理论的前史形态--试论马克思恩格斯1833-1844年的批评理论

摘要

From 1833 to August 1844,Marx and Engels produced their own literary works and com-ments,which was not only the “pre-history form”of Marxist literary theory but has also become the basis of the other five critical forms.Overseas studies of these works have undergone three phases, namely those of initial appearance and embryonic form,of birth and development,as well as of reflex-ion and furthering.However,Chinese scholars�approaches to these works have changed from following the Soviet model to adopting Western Marxism.Furthermore,on the spectrum of Marx studies,the tendency to-wards “narrowing”in the style of Franz Mehring is counterbalanced by that towards “broadening”following the example of Leonard P.Wessell,Jr.A similar phenomenon can be detected in Engels studies,for György Lukács�s “intentional elevation”exists side by side with Peter Demetz�s “denunciation without any reason.”The present paper,therefore,emphasizes the necessity of promoting an integrated re-search into Marx and Engels�literary works and comments so as to combine the two contexts of history and social realities.%马克思恩格斯在1833年至1844年8月时期的文学创作与评论活动，不仅构成了马克思主义批评理论的“前史形态”，而且还是其他五种批评形态的基础。国外相关研究经历了萌芽与胚胎、形成和发展、反思和深化三大阶段；国内相关研究经历了“苏联化”和“西马化”两大阶段。学界对马克思的相关研究主要存在梅林式的“狭义化”与维塞尔式的“扩大化”两种倾向，对恩格斯的相关研究主要存在卢卡奇等的“有意拔高”与德梅兹等的“无端贬损”两种倾向。我们必须结合历史与现实两种语境加强对该问题的整体性研究。