Orem自我护理模式在儿童哮喘自我管理中的应用

摘要

Objective:ToinvestigatetheeffectofOremself-caremodelintheself-managementofchildrenpatientswithasthma. Methods:110 children patients with mild and moderate asthma were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group(55 cases in each group). The children patients in both groups were given treatment by GINA,based on which the children patients in the ob-servation group were given intervention and managed by Orem self-care model. The children patients in the control group only received routine health education on asthma. The questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the daily self-care behaviors,asthma control, pulmonary function and quality of life of the children patients in the two groups. Results:The scores of self-care behavior were significant-ly increased in the observation group compared with those in the control group after one year(P﹤0. 01);the total effective rate in asthma control was higher in the observation group than the control group(P﹤0. 05);the improvement of lung function was significantly better in the observation group than the control group(P﹤0. 01);the scores of quality of life were significantly higher than those of the patients when they were enrolled into study in the two groups(P﹤0. 05);the scores of quality of life of the children were significantly higher in the observation group than the control group(P﹤0. 01). Conclusion:Application of Orem self-care model can significantly improve the self-management ability of the children patients,the level of asthma control and their quality of life.%目的：探讨Orem自我护理干预模式在儿童哮喘中的应用效果。方法：将轻、中度儿童哮喘患儿110例按编号随机分为观察组和对照组各55例，两组患儿均按GINA方案治疗，在此基础上观察组利用Orem自我护理模式进行干预和管理，对照组仅给予常规的哮喘知识教育；1年后对两组分别进行日常自我护理行为、哮喘控制水平、肺功能测量及患儿生命质量调查问卷测评。结果：1年后观察组自我护理行为各项目得分较对照组有明显提高（ P﹤0.01），哮喘控制总有效率高于对照组（ P﹤0.05），肺功能改善情况明显优于对照组（ P﹤0.01）；两组生命质量得分较入组时明显提高（ P﹤0.05），且观察组生命质量得分明显高于对照组（ P﹤0.01）。结论：应用Orem自我护理干预模式可显著提高哮喘患儿的自我管理能力，提高哮喘控制水平，提高生命质量，值得临床推广应用。