Objective To investigate the changes of natural killer (NK)cell and T lymphocyte counts in pa-tients with acute hepatitis B and with chronic hepatitis B. Methods The percentages of CD3+CD4+ T lymphocytes, the CD3+CD8+ T lymphocytes and CD3-CD16+CD56+(NK)cells in peripheral blood of 40 patients with acute hepatitis B and 40 patients with chronic hepatitis B were detected by flow cytometry. Results The percentages of NK cells in acute stage of patients with acute hepatitis B were (15.7±7.5)%,which increased to (21.9±8.2)%,(P<0.05)in convalescent stage;the percentages of CD3+CD4+T cells in acute stage of patients with acute hepatitis B were(35.5± 6.8)%,which decreased to(33.6±7.0)%,(P<0.05)in convalescent stage;the percentages of CD3+CD8+T cells in acute stage of patients with acute hepatitis B were (35.6±7.6)%,which decreased to(30.0±7.5)%,(P<0.05)in convales-cent stage,and which were still higher than that (19.1 ±7.1)%,(P<0.05)in convalescent stage of patients with chronic hepatitis B. Conclusions The percentages of NK cells has a rising,while the percentages of CD3+CD8+T lymphocytes has a decreasing tendency in the course of acute hepatitis B;The percentages of NK cells and T lym-phocytes in peripheral blood of patients with chronic hepatitis B decrease,which might be related to the chronicity of the diseases.%目的：观察急性和慢性乙型肝炎患者急性期和恢复期外周血NK细胞和T淋巴细胞亚群的变化。方法在40例急性乙型肝炎和40例慢性乙型肝炎患者，分别在急性期和恢复期检测CD3+CD4+T细胞、CD3+CD8+T细胞和NK（CD3-CD16+CD56+）细胞占淋巴细胞的比率（%）。结果在急性乙型肝炎急性期NK细胞计数为（15.7±7.5）%，而在恢复期则上升至（21.9±8.2）%，（P<0.05）；急性乙型肝炎患者在急性期CD3+CD4+T细胞为（35.5±6.8）%，到恢复期则显著下降（33.6±7.0）%，（P<0.05）；急性乙型肝炎在急性期CD3+CD8+T细胞为（35.6±7.6）%，而在恢复期则显著下降（30.0±7.5）%，（P<0.05），后者仍比慢性乙型肝炎患者在病情恢复期高（19.1±7.1）%，（P<0.05）。结论在急性乙型肝炎病程中，NK细胞呈上升趋势，CD3+CD8+T细胞呈下降趋势，而在慢性乙型肝炎患者NK细胞及T淋巴细胞数量下降，致病情迁延不愈。
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