《管子》思想与古代自然法学说同异之研讨

摘要

《管子》思想与自然法（natural law）学说比较接近,都主张人定法需遵循一定的原则,以及承认永恒不变的原则存在。自然法学说坚称违背自然法的人定法无效力可言,并将永恒原则与人定法区别开来。管子学说主张制定法在现实中具最高效力,未有永恒原则与制定法的严格区分。双方在永恒原则的内容上存在诸多差异,如自然法主张平等、正义、人人得其所应得等无差别地适用于所有人的原则;管子学说却将人划为君臣父子等不同的身份级别,主张不同级别间的服从及统属。%Much attention has been paid on making comparisons between the school of natural law and the thought of Guan Zi.The theories they share in common are that the human-made laws should follow certain principles and that eternal principles exist.The theory of natural law claims that those human-made laws,which go against natural justice,should not have their validity.While Guan Zi suggests that the human-made legal system is superior than anything other in practice.Also,as to what are eternal principles,the two of them have many different opinions.The theory of natural law makes a clear distinction between eternal principles and human-made legal system.On the contrary,the thought of Guan Zi desn＇t make it so clear.there are many differences between two theories on persistent principles.For example,the theory of natural law emphasizes equality,justice,suum cuique tribuere and so forth,which are fit for anyone without any discrimination.Guan Zi distinguishes people with status,such as ＂lord and bureaucrat＂,＂father and son＂,etc.It maintains the relationship of govern and obedience among different status.