论和指令有关的两类“由”字句

摘要

指令型“由”字句和述令型“由”字句是“由”字句的重要组成部分，虽然它们都以“指令”为核心，但述令型“由”字句中的“指令”来自于说话人的主观认定。指令型“由”字句和述令型“由”字句在谓语动词、施事的生命特征、时体特征、状语和补语等多个方面存在着对称与不对称。%Directive“you”-construction and descriptive-directive “you”-construction are an important part of “you”-construction .Both of them focus on directives ,but the directive in descriptive-directive“you”-construction comes from the speaker's subjective judgment .This paper observes the symmetries and asymmetries between the two types of “you”-construction from the following aspects :predicate verbs ,ani-mate feature of the agent ,features of tense and aspect ,adverbial modifiers and complements .