双酚A与对硝基酚对泥鳅的联合毒性效应

摘要

【Objective】This paper studied the joint toxicity of bisphenol A and p-Nitrophenol to Misgurnus anguillicadatus,which can offer reference for evaluating toxicity of phenolic compound to hydrobiont.【Method】In the single toxic tests,according to the maximum tolerance concentration and the minimal lethal concentration of bisphenol A and p-Nitrophenol to Misgurnus anguillicadatus in preliminary tests,the five mass concentrations of bisphenol A(4.8,5.8,6.9,8.3,10.0 mg/L)and p-Nitrophenol(11.6,13.6,15.8,18.4,21.5 mg/L)were set up,respectively,and LC50 of 24,48,72 and 96 h to Misgurnus anguillicadatus was calculated.The joint toxic tests were done using the same methods with the single toxic tests,and the Marking′s additive index method was taken to evaluate the joint toxicity of bisphenol A and p-Nitrophenol to Misgurnus anguillicadatus.【Result】The single toxic tests showed that LC50 of 24,48,72 and 96 h for bisphenol A to Misgurnus anguillicadatus was 8.31,8.02,6.95 and 6.43 mg/L,respectively.That for p-Nitrophenol was 19.25,17.58,17.04 and 14.70 mg/L,respectively.The joint toxicity of bisphenol A and p-Nitrophenol was antagonism because the values of AI were less than zero at 24,48,72 and 96 h,and the absolute values of AI decreased with the increasing exposure time.【Conclusion】Both bisphenol A and p-Nitrophenol had high toxicity to Misgurnus anguillicadatus,and bisphenol A had higher toxicity than p-Nitrophenol.The joint toxicity of bisphenol A and p-Nitrophenol was antagonistic which weakened with the increasing exposure time.%【目的】探讨双酚A（bisphenol A，BPA）与对硝基酚（p-Nitrophenol,p-NP）对泥鳅（Misgurnus anguillicadatus）的联合毒性效应，为评价酚类化合物对水生生物的毒害作用提供理论依据。【方法】根据预试验确定的BPA、p-NP对泥鳅的最大耐受质量浓度和最小全致死质量浓度，按等对数（常用对数）间距将BPA与pNP分别设置5个质量浓度（BPA：4.8，5.8，6.9，8.3，10.0 mg/L；p-NP：11.6，13.6，15.8，18.4，21.5 mg/L）处理泥鳅，同时设空白对照（加蒸馏水），每处理3个重复，每个重复放置10条泥鳅，试验开始后，连续8 h观察泥鳅的活动、中毒情况及体色变化，每24 h统计1次泥鳅的死亡率，计算 24，48，72 和 96 h 泥鳅的半数致死浓度（LC50）。按 BPA与 p-NP 单一毒性 96 h LC50值进行毒性1∶1的联合毒性试验，并采用 Marking 水生毒理联合毒性相加指数（AI）法评价 2 种化合物对泥鳅的联合毒性效应。【结果】24，48，72 和 96 h 时，BPA对泥鳅的LC50分别为 8.31，8.02，6.95 和 6.43 mg/L，p-NP对泥鳅的LC50分别为19.25，17.58，17.04和14.70 mg/L。不同染毒时间下，BPA与p-NP对泥鳅的联合毒性作用AI均小于0，且随着时间的延长，AI的绝对值逐渐变小。【结论】BPA与p-NP均为高毒性污染物，且前者比后者的毒性更大；二者的联合作用表现为拮抗作用，并且随着作用时间的延长拮抗作用逐渐减弱。