哈萨克斯坦的宗教现状与宗教政策

摘要

独立后,哈萨克斯坦国的宗教状况和政教关系发生了诸多变化,宗教地位在民众社会生活中不断上升,传统宗教(伊斯兰教和东正教)与非传统宗教之间的竞争加大,伊斯兰极端主义对国家安全的破坏日益明显.《宗教活动与宗教团体法》(2011)的出台为规范宗教活动、遏制某些宗教的极端化奠定了基础.宗教政策经历了从宽松到趋紧的过程,族际和睦与宗教和谐政策的政教关系已初步形成,宗教状况的发展趋势将会受到多种因素的影响.%Since the independence of Kazakhstan,many changes have taken place in Kazakhstanian re-ligious situations and politics-religion relationship:status of religions has constantly risen in peoples' social life,traditional religions (Islam and Orthodox Christianity)are increasingly competing with non-traditional religions,and the damage of Islamic extremism upon national security is becoming ex-plicit.The publication of Law of Religious Activities and Religious Groups (2011)has laid foundation for regulating religious activities and curbing extremism trend of religions.Religious policies have pro-ceeded from loose ones to tight ones,ethnic harmony and religious harmony have preliminarily formed,and the development of religious situation will be under influence of multiple factors.