对矸石山不同植被恢复模式的土壤质量评价1）

摘要

We studied the surface soils (0-10 cm) under five vegetation restoration patterns of coal gangue piles, including af-forestation with Robinia pseucdoacacia L., Rhus typhina Nutt, Ulmus pumila L., Hippophae rhamnoides L.susp.Chinensis Ruo si, and natural restoration land( CK) , in respect of 14 soil parameters.The evaluation index system ( minimum data-set, MDS) was determined through sensitive indicator selection via PCA (Principal Component Analysis), and TOPSIS ( Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) was employed to accomplish the evaluation of soil quality. The PCA procedure eliminated Pb, Cd and urease activity from the total 14 soil parameters.We established an evaluation indicator system comprised of Cu, Cr, organic matter, available phosphorus, alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen, available potas-sium, pH, catalase activity, invertase activity, thickness of the O layer, and fine fraction (<2 mm) content.By TOPSIS, different afforestation measures had varied positive effects on the improvement of coal gangue soil quality, with the Fi val-ues of Ulmus pumila L.(0.70), Robinia pseudoacacia L.(0.62), Rhus typhina Nutt(0.60), Hippophae rhamnoides L. susp.Chinensis Rousi (0.55), and CK (0.23).%以矸石山立地条件下树龄为10 a的刺槐、火炬树、白榆、中国沙棘人工林以及自然恢复植被（ CK）共5种恢复模式下表层土壤（0～10 cm）为研究对象，针对所测定的14个土壤属性指标，应用主成分分析法（PCA）选取敏感性指标，并建立指标评价体系，继而用TOPSIS法对不同植被恢复土壤质量改良效果进行多目标评价。 PCA分析剔除了Pb、Cd和脲酶等3个指标，建立了包括Cu、Cr、有机质、有效磷、碱解氮、速效钾、pH、过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶和O层厚度以及直径＜2 mm粒级含量等为基础的评价指标体系。 TOPSIS分析结果表明：不同的植被恢复措施，对矸石山土壤质量改良均有显著效果，其Fi值由大到小的顺序为：白榆（0．70）、刺槐（0．62）、火炬（0．60）、中国沙棘（0．55）、CK（0．23）。