新型一体化工艺处理生活污水的影响因素研究

摘要

To solve the problem existed in the field of decentralized domestic wastewater treatment, a novel integrated biofilm process was designed, and the effects of hydraulic retention time ( HRT), temperature, alkalinity on the removal of domestic wastewater were studied.The results show that, with HRT beteen 6 - 12 h, HRT has little effect on removal efficiency; temperature and alkalinity distinctively affect NH3 - N and TN removal although they have little impact on chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, when temperature increases from 15 C to 25 C , the removal efficiency of NH3 -N and TN are increased 37.3% and 22.1% respectively; when alkalinity changes from insufficient to sufficient, the removal efficiency of NH3 -N and TN are enhanced from 71.8% and 40.5% to 97.0% and 50.3% respectively.At optimum operating conditions, the concentration of COD,NH3 -N,TN in effluent meet the first class criteria specified in the national discharge standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plant (GB18918 - 2002), the removal rate are 95.7% ,97.0%,50.3% in average respectively.%针对分散式生活污水处理领域存在的问题,设计了一种新型的一体化工艺,并考察了水力停留时间(HRT)、温度、碱度对新工艺处理生活污水效果的影响.结果表明,当HRT在6～12 h之间变化时,HRT对处理效果没有显著的影响；温度、碱度对化学需氧量(COD)的去除影响不大,但对NH3-N,TN的去除却有显著的影响,温度由15 ℃上升至25 ℃时,NH3-N,TN的去除率分别提高了37.3％,22.1％；碱度由不充足变为充足时,NH3-N,TN的去除率分别由71.8％,40.5％提高到97.0％,50.3％.在最佳的运行条件下,出水中COD,NH3-N,TN的浓度均达到了城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准(GB18918-2002)中的一级排放标准,其平均去除率分别为95.7％,97.0％,50.3％.