真、现实主义与中国经验

摘要

“Real”always occupies a pivotal position in the long history of Chinese literary criticism and it has multiple levels of meaning. A modern literary history is the history of both the vicissitude of realism and the reciprocating controversy of what is“real”. Contemporary Literary Criticism abandoned this category. Consequently it should be ask if“real”really does not explain the new literary phenomenon effectively and why it is still a weapon for criticism to another group of readers? As a very broad concept, whether or not realism is completely ineffective? Which parts of it being rejected? What parts brimming over with vigor and vitality and what is the reasoning behind them?%漫长的中国文学批评史中，“真”始终占有举足轻重的地位，它有多个层面的含义。一部现当代文学史，既是现实主义的兴衰史，同时又是何谓“真”的往复论争史。而当代文艺批评抛弃了这一范畴，需要追问的是，如果它对新兴的文学现象确实没有阐释效力，何以对另一批读者而言，“真”恰恰仍是他们批评的利器？作为一个涵盖面十分广泛的概念，现实主义全盘失效了吗？其中哪些部分遭人厌弃，还有哪些部分生机盎然？各自原因或依据又是什么？