德意志民族神圣罗马帝国在拿破仑战争中灭亡后，德意志最大的邦国普鲁士开始了一场迈向现代化的大改革运动。在“国兴科教”战略的指引下，洪堡、费希特等人在总结启蒙时代以来教育思想和大学发展一般趋势的基础上，根据“科学、理性、自由”的原则，推行了一条理想主义的新人文主义教育路线，并创办起人类历史上第一所现代化大学---柏林大学。在德意志教育思想家深邃理论与开明君主“宽容政策”的结合中，人们能够探寻到现代化大学的由来与演进历程。%After the Holy Roman Empire was dissolved in the Napoleonic wars, Prussia, Germany's strongest state, started a big reform movement towards modernization. Under the guidance of the strategy of National Revitalization of Science and Education, Humboldt, Fichte et al drew on modern thoughts since the Enlightenment and the tradition of western university education. Abiding by the principle of “scientific, rational, free”, they took a route of new humanism and idealism and founded the first modern university--Berlin University. In the interactions of great German educational thinkers' profound theories and the enlightened monarchs' policy of tolerance, we can find the origin and evolution of the modern university.
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