Objective To understand the hygienic condition of drinking water quality in rural areas of Jiajiang county , Sichuan province and provide a scientific evidence for further strengthen sanitation management of drinking water in rural areas of this county. Methods The different types drinking water samples in the rural areas of this county were gathered respectively in low water period and high water period in 2014 and conducted supervision and inspection for water quality microorganism indexes according to GB/5749-2006 GB/T5750.1-13-2006 Drinking Water Health Standards and Drinking Water Standards Inspection Methods:bound volume. Results A total of 256 water samples were detected,in which,59.4%(76/128) of the water quality reaches the standard in the dry seasons,52.3%(67/128)in the abundant water seasons. There was no statisitcal significance in difference(P>0.05);The overall qualified rate of the total number of bacteria,coliform bacteria and heat-resistant coliforms in dif-ferent types of water resource were 51.6%(132/256),57.8%(148/256) and 59.0%(151/256) respectively,which had no statisit-cal significance in difference between the three(P>0.05). The qualified rate of coliform bacteria,heat-resistant coliforms in vari-ous periods were 51.6%(132/256),57.8%(148/256) and 59.0%(151/256) respectively,which had no statisitcal significance in difference between the three(P>0.05). The qualified rate of well water in different periods and various bacterial indexes was slightly higher than those of the source water and the table-water. Conclusion The qualification rate of the microbial indicators of drink-ing water for life in this rural area of this county is generally low. The major issues affecting the sanitary quality of water is micro-bial contamination,which instruct,that it should strengthen the health management,publicity and supervision of drinking water, and improve the disinfection of water processto ensure the rural residents′drinking water quality of this county safe.%目的：了解四川省夹江县农村生活饮用水的水质卫生状况，为进一步加强该县农村饮水卫生管理提供科学依据。方法对四川省夹江县2014年度农村生活饮用水分别于枯水期和丰水期采取不同类型的水源，并按《生活饮用水卫生标准/生活饮用水标准检验方法：合订本》（GB/5749-2006GB/T5750.1～.13-2006）对水质微生物指标进行监督检测。结果共检测水样256份，枯水期水质合格率为59.4%（76/128），丰水期水质合格率为52.3%（67/128），二者比较，差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）；不同类型水源的细菌总数、大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群总的合格率分别为51.6%（132/256）、57.8%（148/256）、59.0%（151/256），三者比较，差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）；不同时期水样细菌总数、大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群总的合格率[分别为51.6%（132/256）、57.8%（148/256）、59.0%（151/256）]比较，差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。不同时期、不同微生物指标的井水合格率均高于水源水和末梢水，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论该县农村生活饮用水微生物指标合格率普遍较低，微生物污染是影响水质卫生的主要问题，应加强饮水卫生管理、宣传和监督，改善净水消毒工艺，以确保该县农村居民生活饮用水安全。
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