异质性企业、国际贸易与技术扩散

摘要

Based on Melitz (2003)model,our paper constructs a general equilibrium model with heterogeneous firms on technology diffusion.The study shows,firms with higher productivity will adopt new technology earlier,and their market share will expand,however,firms with lowest productivity and without adopting new technology will be squeezed out of the market, thus technologies gradually diffuse.Contrast with previous literatures, in our paper, the technology diffusion process is generated from firm’s productivity heterogeneity and gradual declining adoption cost,and it is associated with resource reallocation.This paper argues that the barriers to reallocate resources is an important factor which blocks technology diffusion in developing countries, and competitive effect from international trade will improve resources allocation,and then speed up technology diffusion.%文章在Melitz(2003)基础上构建了一个一般均衡的异质性企业技术扩散模型，研究表明，生产率水平较低且没有采用新技术的企业会被挤出市场，而生产率水平相对较高的企业先采用新技术，其市场份额会扩大，从而逐步实现技术扩散。与以往文献不同的是，企业的生产率异质性和采用成本的逐渐下降一起导致了技术扩散过程，且技术扩散过程与资源再配置过程同步进行。研究认为资源再配置障碍也是影响发展中国家技术扩散的重要因素，国际贸易带来的竞争效应会改善资源配置，从而加快技术扩散。