二元对立价值体系已广泛用于文学文本的解析,成为结构主义文学批评的理论指导。它注重对作品文本内在结构的分析,即找出作品的构成要素之间的相互依赖关系,把目光集中在作品构成和规律的整体把握上,以便更好地抓住作品的本质及深层意义。在《永别了,武器》这部小说中,海明威将叙事结构二元化,通过特定的对立和矛盾冲突,在二元对立的叙事框架中逐步展开了主人公＂勇气——迷茫——勇气＂的心路历程的变化,即迷茫的思想与压力下的勇气并存,交替出现于作品中。这种交替出现的双重主题,巧妙地表达了＂迷茫中的勇气＂这一鲜明的主题思想,展示了海明威精湛的叙事艺术。%Binary contrast system is widely used in analysis of literary works and is one of the guiding theo- ries for structuralism literature criticism. It emphasizes the importance of the basic structures and relation- ships that lie underneath these literary works as we ordinarily see them. It pays more attention on underly- ing structures and patterns of works so as to get the essence and significance. In A Farewell to Arms, the narrative structure is also set in contrast through oppositions and conflicts. Ernest Hemingway develops the plot in the narrative framework of binary contrast and he writes the changing mental process of the protagonists, courage--lostness--courage i.e. the thoughts of lostness and courage under pressure co-ex- ist and they appear alternatively in the novel. The alternative presentation of the double motifs conveys delicately the distinguished thematic meaning of "the courage in lostness" and displays Hemingway's con- summate narrative art.
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