安徽太平湖浮游植物群落结构

摘要

安徽太平湖已被列入国家第二批生态环境保护专项.于2012年11月到2014年10月对太平湖浮游植物进行调查，共鉴定出浮游植物109属150种.其中绿藻门最多，共计46属80种，占总种数的53.33％.黄藻门未在镜检中出现，团藻在3个样品中出现；浮游植物丰度平均值为212.81×104 cells／L，生物量平均值为1.04 mg／L. Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数平均值分别为2.17和0.61.优势种共4门17种，其中O-寡污带指示藻1种，P-多污带指示藻4种，其余12种藻类均为β-中污带指示藻，啮蚀隐藻（ Cryptomonas erosa）和尖尾蓝隐藻（ Chroomonas acuta）未成为优势种，太平湖优势门类为硅藻和蓝藻；2013和2014年变化表明，太平湖浮游植物群落结构有变化但变幅不大，浮游植物群落结构处于比较稳定的状态；浮游植物聚类分析表明，夏、秋季太平湖浮游植物群落结构相似，H1、H2和H3采样点浮游植物群落结构相似，H4和H5采样点浮游植物群落结构相似；相关性分析表明，丰度、生物量与水温呈极显著正相关，丰度、生物量与透明度呈极显著负相关，水质指标的变化会直接影响到浮游植物的变动，并伴随太平湖水库生态系统的相关复杂变化和生态学过程.%Lake Taiping of Anhui Province has been listed in the second batch of national ecological environment protection. A pre-liminary study was conducted on the phytoplankton in Lake Taiping from November 2012 to October 2014. A total of 150 phyto-plankton species belonging to 109 genera were identified. The phytoplankton community was dominated by Chlorophyta which is comprised of 46 genera and 80 species, and the proportion of Chlorophyta is 53.33%. Xanthophyta didn’t appear in the microscopic examination, but Volvox appeared in 3 samples. The average phytoplankton abundance is 212.81×104 cells/L, the average phyto-plankton biomass is 1.04 mg/L. The average of Shannon-Wiener and Pielou evenness index are 2.17 and 0.61, respectively. The dominant species add up to 17, belonging to 4 phyla, and 12 species of them areβ-moderate pollution indication algae which focus on Cyanophyta and Bacillariophyta. Annual change indicates that phytoplankton community structure is relatively stable in Lake Taiping. Cluster analysis indicates that phytoplankton community structure is similar between summer and autumn, and phytoplank-ton community structure is similar in H1, H2, H3 to the H4 and H5 sampling sites. Correlation analysis indicates that abundance and biomass are significant positively related with temperature, but abundance and biomass are significant negatively related with the transparency. Changes in water quality will directly affect phytoplankton changes, and cause complex changes in ecosystem and ecological process in Lake Taiping.