法经济学视角下的生命价值评估法律与监管--读凯斯·R.·桑斯坦的《生命、生命年和支付意愿》

摘要

In the United States,courts and government agencies are the main sectors and the tools they employ are tort law and regulatory policy. Sunstein examined the relationship between the value of statistical life and the value of statistical life-year ,and relationship between willingness to pay,willingness to accept and quality-adjusted life years,then he concluded that the best approach may be using willingness to pay to measure the value of statistical life years,and in the appropriate circumstances to make assignments or other adjustments. The questions he discussed are the core issues of monetary assessment system of value of life and theoretical significance for studying the U.S. Evaluation System of Value of Life and China's judicial and administrative practice.%在美国，法院和政府机构是评估生命价值的主要部门，其使用的工具分别是侵权法和监管政策。桑斯坦考察了统计学上生命的价值与统计学上生命年的价值之间，以及支付意愿、接受意愿和质量调整生命年之间的关系，并得出以下结论，即最好的方法可能是使用支付意愿来衡量统计学上生命年的价值，然后在合适的情形下做出分配或其他调整。他讨论的问题都是货币化评估生命价值的核心问题，对于研究美国生命价值评估体系并对我国司法和行政实践具有主要的理论意义。