产业集聚效应、要素拥挤与效率改善--基于浙江省农产品加工业集群的实证分析

摘要

以2003—2012年浙江省纺织业、纺织服装鞋帽制造业、皮革毛皮羽绒及其制品业为例，实证分析产业集聚与产业增长、产业集聚及其要素拥挤与生产效率之间的关系。研究表明：集群式产业的集聚程度与产出规模呈同向变动关系；产业集群发展到一定程度，可能出现生产要素拥挤现象，导致生产效率降低；生产要素拥挤到一定程度，会使产业集聚丧失对生产效率的显著正向作用；调整生产要素投入比例是改善集群生产效率的基本路径，使传统农产品加工业由劳动密集型转变为资本和技术密集型是未来发展方向。%With data on the three predominant agro⁃processing industries in Zhejiang Province from 2003 to 2012 as an example, the paper analyzed the relationship between industrial agglomeration and industrial growth,and that among industrial agglomeration,factors congestion and productivity.It shows that(i) for the in⁃dustrial cluster,the degree of agglomeration and production scale are positively related;( ii) the development of industrial cluster may lead to factors congestion resulting in lower productivity;( iii ) the significant positive effect of industrial agglomeration having on productivity will disappear when factors congestion reaches a cer⁃tain extent;( iv) the basic way to improve productivity is to change the factor proportion,thus transferring agro⁃processing industry from a labor intensive industry to a capital and technology intensive one is the trend of de⁃velopment.