上古文论中“气”思想科学性的在场与缺失--兼析“物感说”与“感物说”之区别

摘要

As the most important part of ancient Chinese philosophy,whether to be emphasized on material and divided in-to Yin and Yang in ancient era,or in the Song and Ming dynasties to be regarded as opposite toreason emphasizing its spirituality,the'Qi'thought must have a profound effect on birth and development of literature and art.The'Dragon'myth is the ancient ancestors'imaginative interpretation through observation of thewater cycle phenomenon,which embodies the'Gas'thought.Through distinguishing the different between'Sense of things'and'feeling',it can be seen that the scien-tific of the'Gas'thought has been replaced by the people's subjectivity in the literary theory of the Wei and Jin dynasties. This is the inevitable result of man's subjective consciousness awakening,and its scientific was confirmed to be stronger.%“气”思想作为中国古代哲学观中最为重要的组成部分，无论是上古时以阴阳二分之并重其物质性，或是宋明以始视其为与“理”相对而强调其精神性，必然对其时文学艺术的产生、发展形成深刻的影响。“龙”神话是上古先民通过对地球上“水循环”现象精细入微的观察而得出的想象性解释，这也是“气”思想科学性的体现。而通过对钟嵘《诗品·序》中的“物感说”与陆机《文赋》、刘勰《文心雕龙》所提出“感物说”的辨析，可以看出魏晋文论中“气”思想的科学性被逐渐张扬的人的主体性所排挤进而缺失的脉络。这也正是人的主体意识觉醒，并因其科学性而不断被确证并强大起来的必然结果。