荀子论'性恶'——当代港台与大陆研究的一个比较总结

摘要

在儒学历史上,"性恶"论通常被认为是荀学的重要标记,与孟子的"性善"说相比,"性恶"说一直受到诸多扬孟抑荀之学者的抨击.在当代针对"性恶"说的批评中,问题的核心主要集中在"性恶"与"成善"之看似难解的悖论上,即荀子既然认为人之性恶,那么道德的根据与可能性如何解释.以这一问题为主要线索,本文总结了当代港台与大陆一些有代表性的研究成果,从细化分析"性"来解析"性恶"的真正含义,从"伪"和"心"来理解成善的问题,再到如何从道德自主与客观礼义两种不同角度来建构道德礼义,荀学研究在回答善之根据的问题上已经获得了丰富的研究成果.通过这一总结比较,也为未来的进一步研究提出参考和寄予发展之希望.%In the history of Confucianism, the theory of "evil nature" is usually regarded as an important mark of the studies of Xunzi's theory.Compared with Mencius's theory of "good nature", the theory of "evil nature" has always been criticized by many scholars.In the criticism of the "evil nature" at present, the core of the problem is focused on the seemingly intractable paradox of "evil" and "good"——Since Xunzi thinks that human nature is evil, how can we explain the moral basis and possibility.Taking this issue as the main clue, this paper summarizes some representative research achievements of contemporary Hong Kong, Taiwan and mainland China.The study of Xun has gained abundant research results on the basis of answering the question of foundation of "good" by detailed analysis of "nature" to illustrate the real meaning of "evil nature", understanding the problem of "good" from "pseudo" and "heart", and the way to construct moral righteousness from the moral autonomy and the objective righteousness.Through this summary comparison, I want to put forward reference for further research with the hope of development.