赖山阳“封建之势”理论体系研究

摘要

封建制是日本武士社会的政治形态,本文勾勒出了日本学者赖山阳＂封建之势＂这一理论体系图谱。该理论体系的显性因素包括两个方面：＂势＂属于历史哲学范畴,兼具连续性和更替性特点＂;制势之术＂是以＂天道＂为出发点的具体政治策略。该理论的隐性因素是＂势＂的历史命运,山阳通过尊王贱霸的政治主张间接为＂势＂的衰落结局作出了判断,给幕末志士极大影响。但＂封建之势＂下天皇无责任的体制也在一定程度上促使军国主义兴起。%This paper outlines a Japanese scholar, Rai Sanyo, and his work relating to＂the influence of enfeoffment＂. The system of enfeoffment is a political ideology from the society of Japanese samurai. The theory＇ s explicit nature includes two aspects： ＂influence＂ belongs to the category of historical philosophy, with characteristics of continuity and replacement; while ＂the way of controlling influence＂ is a specific political strategy. The theory＇ s implicit nature concerns the historical fate of ＂influence＂. Rai Sanyo made an indirect judgment for the decline of ＂influence＂ through his opinion on respecting the Mikado and debasing supremacy, which had an important impact on young men in the last days of the Tokugawa Shogunate. But this kind of system also to some extent prompted the rise of militarism.