日语辩论会话策略分析

摘要

Debate refers to a form of communication over a topic between the proposition and the opposition who refutes on the basis of factual arguments and rational reasoning. In order to specify the features of Japanese debates, the present study investigates the types, preferences, characteristics and functions of conversational strategies with the method of conversation analysis. The results are as follows: 1) Conversational strategies used in debates can be divided into two types, namely debate-oriented argumentative strategies and transmission-oriented strategies. The former are mainly characterized by being logical, argumentative, targeted, offensive and defensive, whereas the latter have the function of conversation management, contextual construction, pragmatic constraints, and discourse cohesion. 2) Debates have obvious features of institutional discourse such as task-orientation, clear roles and some specific mechanisms of constraints and reasoning frameworks.%辩论是指正反双方辩手围绕辩题，以客观论据和推理证明进行辩驳争论的交流形式。为了明确日语辩论的特征，本文利用会话分析的方法，分析日语辩论会话策略的类型和使用倾向，并探讨其特征和功能。通过分析得出以下结论：1）辩论可分为以“论辩”为中心的论辩型会话策略和以“传达”为中心的陈述型会话策略，前者主要凸显出辩论的“逻辑性”“、论辩性”“、目的性”“、攻击性”和“防御性”等特征；后者主要体现了“会话管理”“、语境构建”“、语用制约”和“话语衔接”等功能。2）辩论具有明显的机构性谈话特征，如以任务为驱动、有明确的角色关系及特定的制约机制、推理框架等。