大脑胰岛素信号通路与葡萄糖代谢在阿尔茨海默病中的作用与关系

摘要

阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer′s diseases，AD）是一种缓慢发展的神经退行性疾病，尽管对AD的研究已达百余年，但其确切的发病机制尚不清楚，也缺乏有效的治疗药物。近几十年研究发现，AD患者伴随着大脑胰岛素信号通路障碍以及大脑葡萄糖代谢紊乱。因此，有研究者认为胰岛素信号通路及大脑葡萄糖代谢稳态在AD中起着重要作用，甚至有提出AD是“3型糖尿病”的假说。本文将着重讨论大脑内胰岛素信号通路、葡萄糖代谢过程以及二者与AD的关系，以及基于胰岛素通路的AD防治药物的研究进展。%Alzheimer′s disease(AD)is a degenerative metabolic disease,whose exact pathological mechanism still remains unknown. Currently,studies have found that patients in AD accompany with insulin signaling pathway impairment and cerebral glu⁃cose metabolism dysfunction. As insulin signaling pathway and cerebral glucose metabolism homeostasis play a key role in AD ,some researches consider AD as“typeⅢdiabetes”. This review aims to discuss the alteration of cerebral insulin signaling pathway and glu⁃cose metabolism in AD,as well as their relationship with AD. We will also elaborate the advance in anti-AD drugs based on cerebral insulin signaling pathway.