试论美国法之社会立法的平等权审查标准

摘要

传统上美国法院对于社会立法内容违反平等权的问题都采取审慎的态度，一般尊重立法者的判断，避免做实质性介入。但随着社会民众福利权意识的不断提高，美国法院逐步强化了社会立法内容的合理性审查标准，检验立法目的与手段之间的合理关联性，强调差别待遇的坚实理由，限制立法的自由裁量，从而实现社会立法的平等保护。%The court of U. S. traditionally take a cautious attitude towards whether social legislation violate the right to equality and respect for the judgment of legislators to avoid giving substantive intervention. However, with the improvement of consciousness of the social public in welfare rights, the US court take some measures gradual- ly, such as strengthening the standard of judicial review to the reasonableness of social legislation content, exami- ning reasonable correlation between the legal ends and legal means, requiring substantial reason of the differential treatment, restricting the discretion of the legislative, in order to achieve the equal protection of the social legisla- tion.