刘勰对曹丕文学鉴赏理论的继承和发展

摘要

Liu Xie criticized three kinds of unhealthy phenomena existing in the literature appreciation in Wen Xin Diao Long·Bosom Friend,he analyzed the reason for the difficulties in the literature appreciation and objectively put forward the system method for this problem,which is in consistent with Cao Pi's literary theory in Dianlun·Lunwen.Meanwhile he summarized the method of literary appreciation on the basis of Cao Pi's.Based on the comparison,we can find Liu Xie's inheritance and development from the literature appreciation theory of Cao Pi.%刘勰对于文学鉴赏的观点是与曹丕一脉相承的,很多观点与例证同曹丕类似,二人对于文学鉴赏中存在的问题的看法是一致的,二人也都从主客观角度对文学鉴赏困难的原因进行了剖析,客观方面曹丕提出四科八体说,刘勰发展为文章八体说;主观方面曹丕提出文气说,刘勰发展为体性论.刘勰对曹丕文学鉴赏理论最主要的发挥在于方法论层面,曹丕提出"审己度人",仅是从品德修养层面对批评家提出了要求,要求批评家们有宽阔心胸,认识到文体与文人气质的差别从而进行客观评论.而刘勰则对文学鉴赏方法提出了系统完整的理论,要求鉴赏者具备良好的鉴赏素质,能够将作家先天气质同后天实践学习即才气学习结合起来,做到"博观",还要具有公允态度"无偏于憎爱",同时使用"六观"的批评方法.相比曹丕的零散而不够完备的观点,刘勰对这些曹丕初步提到的观点进行了系统的总结和发挥,在继承的基础上建立了更具体系的文学鉴赏理论.