亚里士多德与孔子论“射”--德性伦理的理性逻辑与情感逻辑

摘要

亚里士多德和孔子都曾用“射”来说明中庸德性，但各有特色。亚里士多德论“射”关注射箭之理，目的在于善，价值指向是幸福，侧重于功能实现卓越；其理论预设是灵魂，人的灵魂的本质所在就是理性，故其德性论是一种理性逻辑。孔子论“射”关注射箭之德，目的在于礼，价值指向是和谐，侧重于情感表现中和；其理论预设是天道，天道下贯而成的人道始于情感，故其德性论是一种情感逻辑。通过中西方这两条传统德性伦理学路径的对比发现，当今德性伦理学的复兴不仅需要亚里士多德之学，也需要孔子之学。%Aristotle and Confucius illustrate golden mean by archery while with its own characteristics . Aristotle pays attention to the principle of archery , whose aim is good , value direction is happiness , and excel-lence of function realization is his focus .Since Aristotle thinks that rationality of the soul is its essence , his theory of virtue is based on the rationality logic .Confucius concerns about the morality of archery , which aim is LI, and value direction is harmony .Confucius’ theoretical supposition is TianDao and RenDao manifested from TianDao is evolved from emotion , then we can say that Confucius ’ theory of virtue obeys the emotional logic.Through the contrast of the two traditional paths of virtue ethics between China and West , we can make the conclusion that revival of virtue ethics of the time not only need Aristotle ’ s theory , but also Confucius ’ .