Mode of transportation plays an important role in the process of urban development, the changes in which would have a significant impact on the ups and downs of a city. Jining is used as an example to explore how the changes of the transportation in modern Shandong influenced the canal city's ups and downs. Since Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal came into being in Yuan Dynasty, transportation through rivers has become an important mode connecting the north and the south, developing the grain transportation. With the help of transportation through rivers, Shandong Province canal cities developed very quickly with advanced economy, cultural prosperity, and enhanced political status. However, the canal cities in Shandong Province were most influenced because of the emergence of a new transportation mode-railway late in Qing Dynasty. Railway scrambled for the passengers and cargo traffic volume of the canal, and the flourishing transfer centers and traffic hubs had some impacts on the cities. Railways contributed to the marginalization of the canal cities in Shandong Province in national city network in terms of economy, traffic, and city rank, and their further decline.%交通运输方式在城市发展过程中起着重要作用，它的变迁会对城市的兴衰会产生重大影响。以济宁为例探讨交通运输方式的变迁对近代山东运河城市兴衰的影响。随着元朝京杭大运河的贯通，河运成为沟通南北，发展漕运的重要交通运输方式。依靠河运，山东运河城市迅速发展起来，其时它们经济发达，文化兴盛，政治地位提高。但至清末，新兴的交通运输方式铁路兴起，对山东运河城市产生了重大影响。铁路分流了运河的大部分客货运量，因铁路而兴起的新的转运贸易中心和交通枢纽也对运河城市造成了冲击，铁路使山东运河城市在全国整体的经济、交通与城市层次体系中被边缘化，走向衰落。
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