建国以来大马散佤族宗教文化的变迁--以民居变化为载体的考察

摘要

20世纪50年代，大马散佤族仍信仰着万物有灵的原始宗教，在所住的干栏式茅草房的建盖过程及房屋的内外部结构中，都充满着浓郁的原始宗教色彩。到了20世纪80年代末90年代初，在新建的干栏式石棉瓦房中，只保留了“鬼门、鬼火塘”等原始宗教的有形痕迹。到了2004年建盖的四墙落地式砖瓦房中，原始宗教的有形痕迹就基本找不到了。这些有形的宗教文化的变化，说明原始宗教对大马散佤族的影响已经大大减弱。但有形的部分消失了，并不等于无形的影响也随之消失。从村民对待拆除住房的态度来看，无形的“鬼神”观念对他们的影响还是很深的。%　　In the 1950s,in the internal and external structure of the traditional Ganlan style thatched cottages and during building, it was full of primitive religion. Since the late 1980s and the early 1990s, Ganlan style asbestos shingles only kept the ghosts door, the fire pit and other visible marks of primitive religion. In 2004, the visible marks of primitive religion were not found in the four floor-walls style brick houses. The changes illustrate the influence of primitive religion to Wa ethnic of Damasan is greatly fading. Although the visible parts disappeared, invisible parts exist. From the manner of villagers removing housing, the influences of invisible ghosts and Gods idea in their minds are very deep.