儒学与儒教

摘要

Chinese traditional thoughts originated in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and Confucianism, which was then called“famous school”, was an influential learned society among them. At that time, Confucianism was just a kind of rational political philosophy or political wisdom. Since Confucianism was respected solely in the Han Dynasties, Confucianism was attached more importance, and there appeared some divination studies on superstitious Confucianism, in other words, some mystical contents were added to Confucius and Confucianism. Since then, the rulers of the past went to Confucius Temples to worship Confucius, and the religion with Confucianism as its belief arose. To be brief, the academies of the past inherited the rational political wisdom, and the Confucius Temples everywhere were the places for those who believed in Confucianism to worship Confucius, which is a clear illustration that Confucianism was inherited in academies and Confucius religion lasted in Confucius Temples. It also shows that Confucianism and Confucius religion can coexist in the world and complement each other, and that they can also develop themselves separately without being unified.%中国传统思想产生于春秋战国时代，儒家就是当时一个影响较大的学术团体，被称为“显学”。当时儒学只是理性的政治哲学，也可以说是政治智慧。汉代独尊儒术以后，儒学更受重视，在两汉之际就产生了迷信儒学的纬书，对孔子与儒学加进了一些神奇的内容。从那以后，历代当政者都要到孔子庙祭祀孔子，这就产生了信仰儒学的儒教。简单地说，历代书院是传承理性的政治智慧，各地的孔子庙则是出于信仰儒教，祭祀孔子的地方。这就可以明确了儒学在书院中传承，儒教在孔子庙中持续。儒学与儒教并存于世，可以相互配合，也可以各自发展，不必要求统一。