以郑麦366为材料，在秸秆还田和不还田的条件下，进行不同施肥处理(不施氮肥、施纯氮180 kg/hm2、施纯氮180 kg/hm2+干鸡粪1500 kg/hm2、施纯氮270 kg/hm2)的田间大区对比试验，以探讨秸秆还田与氮肥、有机肥配施对小麦生长发育和产量的影响。结果表明，在不施有机肥的情况下，秸秆还田对小麦的生育时期无影响；在施加有机肥的情况下，秸秆还田能使小麦的开花期和成熟期提前；施有机肥能够推迟小麦开花期和成熟期。在不施氮肥条件下，秸秆还田能促进小麦分蘖和穗的发育，增加小麦成穗数、穗粒数、千粒质量，提高小麦产量；在施纯氮180 kg/hm2时，秸秆还田能增加小麦成穗数、千粒质量，提高小麦产量；在施纯氮270 kg/hm2时，秸秆还田抑制小麦分蘖和穗的发育，降低小麦穗粒数、千粒质量和产量。在秸秆不还田时，施加氮肥和有机肥均能促进小麦分蘖和穗的发育，提高小麦成穗数、穗粒数、千粒质量和产量，且成穗数和产量随施氮量的增加而提高。在秸秆还田时，施加氮肥能促进小麦分蘖和穗的发育，提高小麦成穗数、穗粒数、千粒质量和产量，但成穗数和产量随着施氮量的增加而降低；施加有机肥能增加小麦成穗数，但降低小麦穗粒数、千粒质量和产量。总之，在秸秆不还田条件下，施纯氮180 kg/hm2+干鸡粪1500 kg/hm2处理最优；在秸秆还田条件下，施纯氮180 kg/hm2处理最优，且前者优于后者。%In order to study the effects of combined application of nitrogen and organic fertilizer and straw returning on wheat growth and yield,the field comparative test was carried out under straw returning and no straw returning conditions,using Zhengmai 366 as material with different fertilization amount ( pure ni-trogen fertilizer of 0 kg/ha,pure nitrogen fertilizer of 180 kg/ha,pure nitrogen fertilizer of 180 kg/ha+dry chicken manure of 1 500 kg/ha,pure nitrogen fertilizer of 270 kg/ha). The results indicated that straw returning could not influence the wheat growth stages under no organic fertilizer condition, while straw returning could accelerate the wheat blossom stage and mature stage under organic fertilizer condi-tion,organic fertilizer could postpone the wheat blossom stage and mature stage. Straw returning could pro-mote the wheat tiller and ear development,and increase the spike number,grain number per spike,thou-sand grain weight and grain yield under no nitrogen fertilizer condition. Straw returning could increase the wheat ear number,thousand grain weight and grain yield under nitrogen fertilizer of 180 kg/ha condition. Straw returning could restrain the wheat tiller and ear development,and decrease the grain number per spike,thousand grain weight and grain yield under nitrogen fertilizer of 270 kg/ha condition. Nitrogen and organic fertilizer could promote the wheat tiller and ear development,and increase the spike number,grain number per spike,thousand grain weight and grain yield under no straw returning condition,and the spike number and grain yield increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application amount. Nitrogen fer-tilizer could promote the wheat tiller and ear development,and increase the spike number,grain number per spike,thousand grain weight and grain yield under straw returning condition, but the spike number and grain yield decreased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application amount. Organic fertilizer could increase the spike number,and decrease the grain number per spike, thousand grain weight and grain yield. In short,the treatment with nitrogen fertilizer of 180 kg/ha and dry chicken manure of 1 500 kg/ha was the best under no straw returning condition, while the treatment with nitrogen fertilizer of 180 kg/ha was the best under straw returning condition, and the former was better than the latter.
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