以国内收集到的56份主栽品种为材料,分析了单果质量、纵径、横径、果皮厚、中心糖含量、边缘糖含量、中边糖含量差等7个果实性状变异性,并对其进行了主成分分析和聚类分析,为西瓜品种选育和改良提供参考依据.结果表明,单果质量、果皮厚、中边糖含量差等数量性状变异范围较大,极差分别为4.53 kg、2.32 cm、3.00％,变异系数分别为21.74％、33.95％、26.64％.主成分分析结果显示,7个数量性状可转化为4个综合成分,其累积贡献率达93.94％.以综合成分中主要因子为指标进行聚类分析,可将56份西瓜品种分为小果型、中小果型、中果型和大中果型4类,各类间性状上有较大差异.单果质量、果皮厚、中心糖含量和中边糖含量差4个主要指标对西瓜果实品质影响较大,育种过程中,对这4个指标进行选择有利于加速新品种的选育和改良.%In order to offer references for selection and improvement of elite watermelon cultivars,using 56 mainly cultivated watermelon cultivars in China,the variation,principal component and cluster analyses of seven fruit characters (single fruit weight,longitudinal diameter,transverse diameter,pericarp thickness,center sugar content,marginal sugar content,the difference value of center and boundary sugar content)were conducted.The results showed that the variabilities of single fruit weight,pericarp thickness and the difference value of center and boundary sugar content were large with range of 4.53 kg,2.32 cm,3.00％,and variation coefficients of them were 21.74％,33.95％,26.64％.The principal component analysis was performed and showed that seven traits were classified into four components with their cumulative contribution of 93.94％.Based on the results of principal component analysis,the 56 watermelon cultivars were divided into small,medium-small,large-medium and medium fruit type four groups with clustering analysis,among which there were obvious differences in the traits.These findings cleared that single fruit weight,pericarp thickness,center sugar content and the difference value of center and boundary sugar content had great effect on quality of watermelon,selection of which in the process of breeding would accelerate the breeding and improvement of new varieties in the future.
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