糜子育成新品种的鉴定与评价

摘要

Proso millet ( Panicum miliaceumL.) originated from China.The germplasm resources of proso millet are rich.Researchers have bred many new varieties adapted to different ecological conditions and requirements in recent years.The main agronomic traits of forty four new proso millet varieties were identified and analyzed in this study, the cluster analysis of glutinous and japonica varieties were conducted according to the morphological indexes.The results showed that agronomic traits very much varied among the varieties which could meet the needs for different ecological environments and production targets.Jinshu No.8with the highest yield (5 766.9 kg/hm 2) and lodging resistance among the glutinous varieties , the yield of Longmi No.7was the highest (5 733.6 kg/hm 2) and the growth period of Neimi No.1 was the shortest among the japonica varieties .The diversity index of agronomic traits were all greater than1.3.The cluster and principal component analysis based on agronomic traits showed that 20 glutinous materials were divided into 3 groups in 2.75 of chi square distance and 24 japonica materials were also divided into 3 groups in the chi square distance 1.5, the three japonica materials Ningmi No.11, Neimi No.1 and Neimi No.6 were not assigned to any group.%糜子（ Panicum miliaceum L．）起源于中国，种质资源丰富，类型繁多，近年来培育出了适应不同生态条件和需求的新品种。对收集到的44个糜子新品种进行了主要农艺性状的鉴定与分析，并根据其形态指标分别对糯性和粳性品种进行了聚类分析。结果表明：各品种间农艺性状表现差异较大，糯性糜子品种中晋黍8号产量（5766．9 kg／hm 2）最高且抗倒伏，粳性品种中陇糜7号产量（5733．6 kg／hm 2）最高、内糜1号表现为极早熟（生育期最短）；农艺性状变异丰富，其中糯性和粳性糜子品种农艺性状的变异系数均以分蘖数最高，生育期最低；糯性和粳性糜子品种农艺性状的多样性指数均＞1．3；基于农艺性状的聚类分析和主成分分析，结果显示，在卡方距离2．75处将20份糯性糜子材料分为3大组群，在卡方距离1．5处将24份粳性糜子材料分为3大组群，而粳性糜子宁糜11号、内糜1号和内糜6号没有被分到任何组群。