乡村治理从传统化向现代化转化的探讨--基于历史制度主义的视角

摘要

乡村治理是国家治理体系和能力现代化的重要内容。我国乡村治理制度的历史沿革经历了封建乡绅、人民公社、改革开放后至税费改革前、税费改革后等四个历史阶段。从历史制度主义的视角看，我国乡村治理的制度结构受到国家宏观制度环境，各政治变量序列结构影响，并与各相关政治行动主体形成博弈互动的态势。同时，我国乡村治理制度在制度变迁过程中出现了路径依赖现象，并在增长回报和自我强化中产生新的制度断裂和历史否决点。推进乡村治理从传统化向现代化转变，必须要打破“历史否决点”适应乡村治理主客观条件的变化，实现制度的再变迁和创新。%Village administration makes a very important content in the system of na-tional governance and competence modernization.Village administration system in China has experienced feudalism,people’ s commune,after reform and open-up and before the re-form of taxation expense,and after the reform of taxation expense.From the perspective of historical institutionalism,the system structure of village administration in China is affected by the national macro-system environment.There is a trend of them gaming with related po-litical subjects.This system is path dependence which can be seen in the process of system transition.To promote the change of village administration from traditional way to modern approach,the “historic veto point” must be broken to adapt to the change of the subjective and objective conditions and to realize the change and innovation of the system.