先秦儒家环境伦理思想的德性伦理特征及当代价值

摘要

Facing the environmental crisis brought about by industrial civilization, Pre-Qin Confucian environmental ethics conduct to rethink the environmental problems from the perspective of virtue, and emphasize the subject of moral behavior to cultivate the spiritual qualities of virtue and the virtue characteristics of immanent transcendence between introspection and appearance. Based on the ethics of virtue, this paper discusses the characteristics of moral character of Confucianism in Pre-Qin dynasty, such as the debating on righteousness and benefits, shi zhong, zhi cheng and self-fulfillment. These virtue characteristics manifest the organic combination with environmental virtue ethics on the one hand. On the other hand, these characteristics achieve dialogue and communication between cultural traditions of Pre-Qin Confucian environmental moral education and socialist ecological civilization. Moreover, the realistic defects of "materialism" are made up by virtue characteristics of "immanent transcendence", then the lifestyle has been changed from "the Economic Person" to "the Ecological Person". The organic combination of the two provides sufficient moral motivation to promote the construction of socialist ecological civilization and beautiful China, and shows excellent spiritual quality.%面对工业文明所带来的环境危机, 先秦儒家环境伦理思想从德性的视角展开对环境问题的反思, 强调道德行为主体注重培育内省与外观有机整合的重德性的精神气质和内在超越的德性特质.由此基于德性伦理的角度论证了先秦儒家明辨义利、君子时中和至诚以尽性的德性品格特征.这些德性品格, 既彰显了与环境伦理的有机契合, 也实现了先秦儒家环境德育文化与社会主义生态文明的对话沟通, 并以"内在超越"之德性品格弥补了"物质主义"的现实缺陷, 实现了从"经济人"向"生态人"的生存方式转变.二者的有机契合, 为推动社会主义生态文明和美丽中国的建设提供了充足的道德动机, 展现了卓越的精神品质.