自然状态与公民道德--卢梭社会理论的双重指向

摘要

卢梭的社会契约论是基于自然状态基础而进行的理论建构，其核心为启蒙现代性下的“社会秩序何以可能”问题。基于人的无知与本能本性出发而得出的自然状态虽然美好但却不稳定，因此自然状态让位于公民社会的必然性促使卢梭从法律和道德两个维度来建构现代社会的秩序。自然状态与公民道德构成了卢梭社会性的双重指向，在卢梭看来，自然状态和公民道德并不是严格的对立，社会性的双重指向正是要达到自然状态(自我保存)和公民道德(道德约束)的有机统一。%Rousseau's social contract theory is the theoretical construction based on the natural state,with the core being the problem of"how the social order is possible"in the enlightenment mo-dernity.The natural state based on ignorance and instinct is wonderful but unstable,and it gives place to so-cial state inevitability.Owing to that fact,Rousseau constructs a modern society in legal and moral dimen-sions.Natural state and civil morality constitute the double orientations in Rousseau's social theory.Mean-while,natural state and civil morality are not completely opposite.The double orientations of sociality is to a-chieve the union of natural state (self-preservation)and civil morality (moral restraint).