'天人合一'理念与士大夫行为方式——韦伯'中国命题'再思考

摘要

Weber's Chinese proposition is the converse"Weber's proposition". It emphasizes the particu-larity of western rational capitalism. In Weber's"Chinese problems"discussion,we need to note Weber's so-cial science methodology in the face of causal explanation mechanism and ideal type and the misreading of Confucianism concept"the unity of Heaven and Humanity". Through a case study of Zhang Zai's philosophy and action,under the influence of"the unity of Heaven and Humanity"concept, the rethinking of Weber's Chinese proposition gets the internal transcend of scholar-bureaucrat behavior revealed which poses a sharp contrast to the external transcend of Puritan's abstinence and entry into secular society.%韦伯"中国命题"是"韦伯命题"的反命题,所突出的是西方理性资本主义的特殊性.在韦伯"中国问题"的讨论中,既要切实正视韦伯社会科学方法论中因果性解释机制及理想型的解读,也不容忽视韦伯对于儒教"天人合一"理念的误读.正是这种有关韦伯"中国命题"的再思考,通过对张载的理念与行为的个案研究,使"天人合一"理念影响下的士大夫行为的内在超越面相得到揭示,并与清教徒入世禁欲的外在超越形成鲜明对比.