按劳分配原则的技术难题及其制度意义思考

摘要

According to Karl Marx, the standards of distribution according to work are mainly about work hours, rate of work and labour output. While, rate of work cannot be directly calculated, work hours cannot match labour output. Moreover, only the homogenous labour can measure output without consideration of quali⁃ty. Thus, all three measurements (work hours, rate of work and labour output) share the systemetical problem of inaccuracy.%马克思所理解的按劳分配标准，主要是指劳动时间、劳动强度和劳动产品的数量标准三种形式。但是，劳动强度无法直接计量，劳动时间又与劳动量无法吻合，并且，只有同质性劳动才能忽略质的考虑只计量劳动数量。因此，无论是劳动时间、劳动强度还是劳动产品的数量标准，都存有衡量不准的技术难题。