简帛《老子》'大器免成''天象无型'解——兼说道家型、器之譬

摘要

The structures of "Da Qi Mian Cheng","Tian Xiang Wu Xing","Da Zhi Wu Ge" in Dao De Jing are interpreted from the perspective of utensil production process.According to the analysis on related chapters between the received version and the ancient version on bamboo slips and silks,this paper indicates that,due to different interpretations on some key words and sentences,there has developed into two different version systems upon the structure "Da Fang Wu Yu",and etc.,which is illustrated by the example "Da Fang Wu Yu,Da Qi Mian Cheng,Da Yin Xi Sheng.Tian Xiang Wu Xing,Dao Yin Wu Ming" in the ancient version on bamboo slips and silks from mid-Warring States period to mid-Western Han Dynasty and "Da Fang Wu Yu,Da Qi Wan Cheng,Da Yin Xi Sheng,Da Xiang Wu Xing.Dao Yin Wu Ming" in the received version ever since late Western Han Dynasty.%从器物制作之工序层面可以解释《老子》"大器免成""天象无型""大制无割"等句文意.传世本与简帛古本《老子》"大方无隅"等句因为关键字词及章句理解的差异,衍化出两个面貌不同的版本系统:战国中期至西汉中期的简帛古本作"大方无隅,大器免成,大音希声.天象无型,道殷无名";西汉晚期以来的传世本则作:"大方无隅,大器晚成,大音希声,大象无形.道隐无名."